SpringBoot 2.4 with GraalVM

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最近很紅的 Quarkus 也是使用 GraalVM, 並盡量避免使用 反射(Reflection) 達成 快數啟動 低記憶體用量等優點, 等了許久終於等到 SpringBoot 2.4 終於支援了 GraalVM, 所以趕快試用一下

create project

首先還是透過 https://start.spring.io/ 下載專案模板, 目前是 2.4 並且選擇 Maven 包版工具(Gradle Plugin 還在測試版就不折騰啦)

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curl https://start.spring.io/#!type=maven-project&language=java&platformVersion=2.4.1.RELEASE&packaging=jar&jvmVersion=11&groupId=com.example&artifactId=demo&name=demo&description=Demo%20project%20for%20Spring%20Boot&packageName=com.example.demo&dependencies=web,actuator

程式碼

程式部分先做最簡單的驗證 

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public class Product {
    private String name;
    private Integer price;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Integer getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(Integer price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
}

跟簡單的 API

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@RestController
public class ProductController {

    @PostMapping("/products")
    public Product create(@RequestBody Product product) {
        return product;
    }

    @GetMapping("/products")
    public List getProducts() {
        List productList = IntStream.range(0, 7).mapToObj(i -> getProduct(i)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        return productList;
    }

    private Product getProduct(int i) {
        Product product = new Product();
        product.setName("Product" + i);
        product.setPrice(100 + i);
        return product;
    }
}

打包運行

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./mvnw package

到這邊都是最簡單的 API 功能, 接著啟動 Jar 觀測一下

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$ java -jar ./target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.4.1)

2020-12-13 23:28:22.327  INFO 23045 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 11.0.9 on samzhude-MacBook-Pro.local with PID 23045 (/Users/samzhu/workspace/demo/springboot-241-GraalVM/target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar started by samzhu in /Users/samzhu/workspace/demo/springboot-241-GraalVM)
2020-12-13 23:28:22.330  INFO 23045 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-12-13 23:28:23.398  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2020-12-13 23:28:23.413  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2020-12-13 23:28:23.414  INFO 23045 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.41]
2020-12-13 23:28:23.477  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-12-13 23:28:23.478  INFO 23045 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1085 ms
2020-12-13 23:28:23.790  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-12-13 23:28:24.013  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver      : Exposing 2 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'
2020-12-13 23:28:24.066  INFO 23045 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2020-12-13 23:28:24.080  INFO 23045 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 2.212 seconds (JVM running for 2.647)

就算是這麼簡單的 API 功能, 啟動都需要 2 秒多, 更不用說完整的應用 DataSource 以及許多初始化, 以及更受限的資源 ex 0.5 cpu 之類的, 啟動時間超過 30 秒更是家常便飯.

所以線上環境 Scale Out 的時候, 我都彷彿聽見新起動的 SpringBoot 在這樣吶喊
幫我撐10秒

看一下記憶體用量 

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$ ps aux | grep java | awk '{print $1 "\t" $2 "\t" $3 "\t" $4 "\t" $5 "\t" $6/1024"MB" "\t" $11$12$13$14$15$16$17$18 }'
samzhu	21097	0.3	1.6	7385948	257.922MB	/Users/samzhu/.sdkman/candidates/java/current/bin/java--add-modules=ALL-SYSTEM--add-opensjava.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED--add-opensjava.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED-Declipse.application=org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.id1-Dosgi.bundles.defaultStartLevel=4
samzhu	21104	0.0	0.7	10636212	115.102MB	/Users/samzhu/.sdkman/candidates/java/11.0.9.hs-adpt/bin/java-cp/Users/samzhu/.vscode/extensions/pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-1.23.0/language-server/BOOT-INF/classes:/Users/samzhu/.vscode/extensions/pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-1.23.0/language-server/BOOT-INF/lib/*-Dspring.lsp.client-port=45557-Dserver.port=45557-Dsts.lsp.client=vscode-Dsts.log.file=/dev/null-XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1
samzhu	20995	0.0	1.1	10639344	174.391MB	/Users/samzhu/.sdkman/candidates/java/11.0.9.hs-adpt/bin/java-cp/Users/samzhu/.vscode/extensions/pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-1.23.0/language-server/BOOT-INF/classes:/Users/samzhu/.vscode/extensions/pivotal.vscode-spring-boot-1.23.0/language-server/BOOT-INF/lib/*-Dspring.lsp.client-port=45556-Dserver.port=45556-Dsts.lsp.client=vscode-Dsts.log.file=/dev/null-XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1
samzhu	20278	0.0	4.4	7513840	717.336MB	/Users/samzhu/.sdkman/candidates/java/current/bin/java--add-modules=ALL-SYSTEM--add-opensjava.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED--add-opensjava.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED-Declipse.application=org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.id1-Dosgi.bundles.defaultStartLevel=4
samzhu	8875	0.0	2.4	7450684	390.492MB	/Users/samzhu/.sdkman/candidates/java/current/bin/java--add-modules=ALL-SYSTEM--add-opensjava.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED--add-opensjava.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED-Declipse.application=org.eclipse.jdt.ls.core.id1-Dosgi.bundles.defaultStartLevel=4
samzhu	24462	0.0	0.0	4268424	0.679688MB	grepjava
samzhu	24079	0.0	1.3	10381056	209.754MB	java-jar./target/demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

看起來隨隨便便都要 209.754MB 啊…平常在用的幾乎都要 512 MB 才比較穩定

好的, 那既然 SpringBoot 支援 GraalVM 了, 我們何不感受一下他的威力呢

改成使用GraalVM包版

切換 JDK

首先我們要使用, 上一篇方便管理JDK版本工具sdkman 來安裝 GraalVM.

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$ sdk install java 20.3.0.r11-grl

安裝完設定成預設版本

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$ sdk default java 20.3.0.r11-grl

Default java version set to 20.3.0.r11-grl

驗證

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$ java -version
openjdk version "11.0.9" 2020-10-20
OpenJDK Runtime Environment GraalVM CE 20.3.0 (build 11.0.9+10-jvmci-20.3-b06)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM GraalVM CE 20.3.0 (build 11.0.9+10-jvmci-20.3-b06, mixed mode, sharing)

接著裝 ative-image

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$ gu install native-image
Downloading: Component catalog from www.graalvm.org
Processing Component: Native Image
Component Native Image (org.graalvm.native-image) is already installed.

以上好了之後只是包版環境而已, 接著還要修改專案

專案調整

首先要修改 @SpringBootApplication 如下

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@SpringBootApplication(proxyBeanMethods = false)

再來修改 pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.4.1</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>demo</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>11</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 新增的部分 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context-indexer</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.experimental</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-graalvm-native</artifactId>
			<version>0.8.3</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<!-- spring-graalvm-native 還沒放到 Maven 酷所以要去 spring-milestones 拉 -->
	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<!-- 可以調整的部分 -->
				<configuration>
					<image>
						<builder>paketobuildpacks/builder:tiny</builder>
						<env>
							<BP_BOOT_NATIVE_IMAGE>1</BP_BOOT_NATIVE_IMAGE>
							<BP_BOOT_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>
								-Dspring.native.remove-yaml-support=true
								-Dspring.spel.ignore=true
							</BP_BOOT_NATIVE_IMAGE_BUILD_ARGUMENTS>
						</env>
					</image>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

	<!-- 增加 Native 包版配置-->
	<profiles>
		<profile>
			<id>native</id>
			<build>
				<plugins>
					<plugin>
						<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.graalvm.nativeimage/native-image-maven-plugin -->
						<groupId>org.graalvm.nativeimage</groupId>
						<artifactId>native-image-maven-plugin</artifactId>
						<version>20.3.0</version>
						<configuration>
							<mainClass>com.example.demo.DemoApplication</mainClass>
							<buildArgs>-Dspring.native.remove-yaml-support=true -Dspring.spel.ignore=true</buildArgs>
						</configuration>
						<executions>
							<execution>
								<goals>
									<goal>native-image</goal>
								</goals>
								<phase>package</phase>
							</execution>
						</executions>
					</plugin>
					<plugin>
						<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
						<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
					</plugin>
				</plugins>
			</build>
		</profile>
	</profiles>

</project>

包版與執行

執行包版

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./mvnw -Pnative package

呼叫執行檔

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$ ./target/com.example.demo.demoapplication

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.4.1)

2020-12-14 00:09:55.207  INFO 26717 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Starting DemoApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT using Java 11.0.9 on samzhude-MacBook-Pro.local with PID 26717 (/Users/samzhu/workspace/demo/springboot-241-GraalVM/target/com.example.demo.demoapplication started by samzhu in /Users/samzhu/workspace/demo/springboot-241-GraalVM)
2020-12-14 00:09:55.207  INFO 26717 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-12-14 00:09:55.260  INFO 26717 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
Dec 14, 2020 12:09:55 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init
INFO: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
Dec 14, 2020 12:09:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal
INFO: Starting service [Tomcat]
Dec 14, 2020 12:09:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
INFO: Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.41]
Dec 14, 2020 12:09:55 AM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-12-14 00:09:55.263  INFO 26717 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 55 ms
2020-12-14 00:09:55.266  WARN 26717 --- [           main] i.m.c.i.binder.jvm.JvmGcMetrics          : GC notifications will not be available because MemoryPoolMXBeans are not provided by the JVM
2020-12-14 00:09:55.280  INFO 26717 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2020-12-14 00:09:55.292  INFO 26717 --- [           main] o.s.b.a.e.web.EndpointLinksResolver      : Exposing 2 endpoint(s) beneath base path '/actuator'
Dec 14, 2020 12:09:55 AM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
2020-12-14 00:09:55.295  INFO 26717 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2020-12-14 00:09:55.296  INFO 26717 --- [           main] com.example.demo.DemoApplication         : Started DemoApplication in 0.312 seconds (JVM running for 0.314)

這邊可以看到啟動花費時間只要 0.312 seconds

再看一下記憶體

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$ ps aux | grep com.example.demo.demoapplication | grep S+ | awk '{print $1 "\t" $2 "\t" $3 "\t" $4 "\t" $5 "\t" $6/1024"MB" "\t" $11 }'
samzhu	27039	0.0	0.0	4277640	0.714844MB	grep
samzhu	26717	0.0	0.4	4567160	73.418MB	./target/com.example.demo.demoapplication

只用了 73.418MB 啊!!!

結論

在研究的是侯其實還挺折騰的, 如果你現在就想加快你的 Java 應用, 而且你們本身沒有用到太多 Spring 家族的整合, 推薦可以先試用 Quarkus 啦.
如果有其他因素考量, 你也可以考慮等 Spring 把他處理好, 可追蹤官方部落格

最新一篇 https://spring.io/blog/2020/11/23/spring-native-for-graalvm-0-8-3-available-now